Improving the rotary kiln-electric furnace process for ferronickel
2022.4.1 Ferronickel contains 60–80 wt% Fe and 40–20 wt% Ni and is a feedstock for manufacturing stainless steel and other ferrous alloys. The primary pyrometallurgical
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Ferronickel - an overview ScienceDirect Topics
Flow sheet of ferronickel production: 1, submerged electric arc furnace; 2, slag ladle; 3, ladle for crude FeNi; 4, converter with acid lining (removal of excess Si and Cr); 5,
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(PDF) Improving the rotary kiln-electric furnace process for ...
2021.9.16 Ferronickel contains 60–80 wt% Fe and 40–20 wt% Ni and is a feedstock for manufacturing stainless steel and other ferrous alloys. The primary pyrometallurgical
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Nickel laterite processing and electrowinning practice
2002.8.1 Laterites are the main source of feedstock for production of ferronickel as described herein. The paper includes information regarding nickel-bearing deep sea
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Ferronickel Production from Nickel Laterite via Sulfide Chemistry
2023.2.12 A sulfide-based processing pathway is presented for ferronickel production from laterite. Analyses of laterite feedstock and sulfidation products suggest
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Advances and Innovations in Ferronickel-Making SpringerLink
2023.1.19 Based on a detailed overview of nickel utilization from laterite ores, it provides the advances of four main methods for laterite ore processing, including the
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Ferronickel Generation from Nickel Sulfide Concentrates by
2021.6.18 The three steps remove Fe and S from the concentrate, generating a matte (typically 40 to 70 mass pct Ni, 0.5 to 4 mass pct Fe, and 21 to 24 mass pct S). [ 9, 10]
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A life cycle assessment of a new laterite processing technology
2017.1.20 Nickel processing technology Nickel plays an important role in over 300,000 products for consumer, industrial, military, transport, aerospace, marine and
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Process simulation and exergy analysis of two nickel laterite ...
2017.4.10 The processes are high pressure acid leaching and Ferronickel production. • A combination of process modelling, thermodynamic study and exergy
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Ferronickel Preparation from Nickeliferous Laterite by Rotary Kiln ...
In the recent years, ferronickel has been used as a substitute for electrolytic nickel for alleviating the cost of stainless steel production. Rotary kiln-electric furnace...
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Modelling of Nickel Laterite Smelting to Ferronickel
Figure 1: (a) Flowsheet of ferronickel production from nickel laterite, (b) schematic of electric furnace for smelting of laterite. The oxides in the feed are NiO, FeO, SiO2 and MgO and the reductant is carbon. The Ellingham Diagram (as shown in Figure 2) shows that at 1500 – 1600oC, under standard state conditions, there is a thermodynamic ...
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The Promise And Pitfalls Of Indonesia's Nickel Boom
2023.3.13 Indonesia's nickel refining story so far has been largely about making nickel pig iron to sell to Chinese producers of stainless steel. Nickel pig iron is a form of ferronickel. Helpfully, new processing
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Agglomeration and Characterization of Nickel Concentrate
2020.7.6 The purpose of MHP agglomeration is the hydro-pyro integration, by which the nickel concentrate (MHP) can be used in ferronickel smelters through pellets with acceptable granulometry to be processed in furnaces. Complete processing route, from lateritic ore to nickel alloy, has advantages obtaining MHP as a nickel intermediate product.
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Process simulation and exergy analysis of two nickel laterite ...
2017.4.10 Section snippets Exergy analysis. The exergy calculations are done using equations based on both the first and second law of thermodynamics. Considering nickel laterite processing as an open system, assuming steady state flow and starting off with an energy balance (Smith et al., 2005): ∆ H + 1 2 u 2 + zg m ̇ = Q ̇ + W s ̇ Neglecting the
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Nickel laterite processing and electrowinning practice
2002.8.1 Processing of laterite ores traditionally consists of a two stage process using fossil fuels (eg., coal, oil, natural gas) in the kiln operation followed by electric furnace smelting of the calcine to produce a ferronickel product and discard slag, Lagendijk and Jones (1997). Ferronickel production accounts for 19% of the annual new nickel output.
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Ferronickel Facts: This Ferroalloy Contains Mainly Iron And Nickel
2022.3.11 Ferronickel is made from nickeliferous laterite by means of pyrometallurgical processes. It usually contains iron and nickel, with a percentage ratio between 20:80-35:65. Ferronickel can be used in the production of stainless steel, low alloy steel, and other related alloys that contain approximately 65% nickel.
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Horizonte Minerals PLC Announces Acquisition of Ferronickel Processing ...
2021.12.9 The design and manufacture of the Processing Equipment was originally commissioned by Votorantim in 2006, as part of a proposed ~US$250 million ferronickel development at Niquelândia in Goiás ...
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Efficient Utilization of Limonite Nickel Laterite to Prepare ... - MDPI
2023.4.25 Ferronickel products obtained from the traditional process used to treat limonite nickel laterite usually assay very low-grade Ni, only 3–5% Ni due to the high Fe/Ni ratio of limonite nickel laterite. This paper describes an investigation conducted to upgrade limonite nickel laterites for the preparation of ferronickel by using selective reduction
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PT ANTAM Tbk Nickel
ANTAM had 3 ferronickel smelters (FeNi II, III and IV) with 4 production lines with annual combined capacity of 27,000 TNi. Ferronickel processing in Pomalaa utilizes RKEF (Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace) method in which nickel ore is smelted in electric furnace to produce ferronickel in shots (pellets). ANTAM’s 102 MW power plant at Pomalaa
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Efficient Utilization of Limonite Nickel Laterite to Prepare ...
2023.4.25 Ferronickel by the Selective Reduction Smelting Process Xin Wang 1, Deqing Zhu 1,2, Zhengqi Guo 1,2,*, Jian Pan 1,2, Tao Lv 3, Congcong Yang 1,2 and Siwei Li 1 1 School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China 2 Low-Carbon and Hydrogen Metallurgy Research Center,
Charlar en LíneaFerroalloy - Wikipedia
Ferroalloy refers to various alloys of iron with a high proportion of one or more other elements such as manganese (Mn), aluminium (Al), or silicon (Si). They are used in the production of steels and alloys. The alloys impart distinctive qualities to steel and cast iron or serve important functions during production and are, therefore, closely associated with
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Scenario Analysis of Indonesian Ferronickel Supply Chain
Nickel Matte, Ferronickel, and Nickel Pig Iron [2]. processing and refining. Those that go through and Nickel Pig Iron. Of the three types of processing, Ferronickel is the product with the highest production in Indonesia, reaching 50.24%, compared to Nickel pig iron at 38.32% and Nickel matte at 11.45%. Ferro-
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Control of slag formation in the electric furnace smelting of ...
2021.3.10 Two-thirds of the global nickel output can be attributed to the rotary kiln-electric furnace process. Due to the high contents of MgO and SiO 2 in laterite, a high temperature (∼1600 °C) and corresponding energy (approximately 14 GJ/t-ferronickel) are required during the electric furnace smelting. This work verifies the feasibility of
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(PDF) Magnesium Extraction of Ferronickel Slag Processed by
2021.1.1 The basic material used was the slag from a by-product of the ferronickel processing in . Indonesia. Ferronickel slag w as crushed by using a crusher and a disk mill to obtain a 200 mesh .
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PENGOLAHAN NIKEL LATERIT SECARA PIROMETALURGI: KINI
nickel laterite: processing into ferronickel type of shot / luppen ingot and ferronickel, nickel matte processing and processing into nickel pig iron (NPI). Production of ferronickel from lateritic ores with pyrometallurgy are require higher energies than hydrometallurgy, because in practice laterite ore carried out with direct reduction of pre ...
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Scenario Analysis of Indonesian Ferronickel Supply Chain
2022.12.20 Nickel Matte, Ferronickel, and Nickel Pig Iron [2]. processing and refining. Those that go through and Nickel Pig Iron. Of the three types of processing, Ferronickel is the product with the highest production in Indonesia, reaching 50.24%, compared to Nickel pig iron at 38.32% and Nickel matte at 11.45%. Ferro-
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The Nickel Production Methods from Laterites and the Greek Ferronickel
Primary world nickel production in 2020 was 2430.7 kt Ni; 69% (1677.7 kt) of them came from oxidized nickel ores (laterites) and 31% from sulfides. Production-wise, 87.7% of the 1677.7 kt came from pyrometallurgical and 12.3% from hydrometallurgical processes. For a long time, Fe-Ni had a 20–40% Ni analysis, but in 2006 a new Fe-Ni quality came into
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Life cycle assessment of nickel products - Springer
2016.3.30 Purpose To support the data requirements of stakeholders, the Nickel Institute (NI) conducted a global life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) to show, with indicators, the potential environmental impacts of the production of nickel and ferronickel from mine to refinery gate. A metal industry wide agreed approach on by-products and
Charlar en LíneaUpgrading low nickel content laterite ores using ... - ScienceDirect
2012.5.20 The processing of nickel laterite ore to produce ferronickel is energy intensive, especially when low nickel content ores are processed. The selective reduction–beneficiation of laterite ore to produce high nickel content nickeliferous concentrate and abandon gangue minerals before smelting potentially offers an effective
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Enhanced Chromium Recovery in the Smelting of Ferronickel Along with ...
2021.11.19 However, the chromium content in the ferronickel only increased from 0.5 ± 0.1 wt.% to 0.7 ± 0.1 wt.% because of a low smelting temperature of 1515 ± 10°C (Table III). The increased chromium content resulted in the decrease of iron recovery in the ferronickel. The recovery of chromium in the ferronickel was estimated to be
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